structural composition
1. Panel structure
The panel is the direct part that carries the goods, usually stamped or welded from steel plates. The main forms include flat panel, grid panel (also known as "T-shaped" or "nine legged" panel), and corrugated panel. Grid plate is the most common, which can effectively drain water, prevent slipping, and has a relatively light weight.
2. Longitudinal and transverse beam structures
This is the core load-bearing frame of the tray. The longitudinal beam is the main load-bearing beam in the length direction of the pallet, while the transverse beam connects the longitudinal beam horizontally to enhance overall stability and distribute loads. The cross-sectional shape of the beam is mostly "C" - or "U" - shaped channel steel, and its height and thickness directly determine the load-bearing capacity of the pallet.
3. Leg and pad structure
Legs are support structures on the bottom of a pallet used for positioning the upper and lower layers of forklift forks during insertion and stacking. Common forms include:
(1) Nine legged type: With nine support points on the bottom, it is suitable for manual forklifts and light loads.
(2) Chuan shaped: The bottom forms three parallel fork entry channels, which is the most mainstream structure. Forklifts can operate from four directions and have good stability.
(3) Tian Zi: On the basis of the "Chuan Zi" shape, horizontal connections have been added to form a grid like bottom surface, which has the strongest overall rigidity and can also be used for four-way forklift operations.
4. Ancillary structures
According to special requirements, it may include anti slip pads, corner protectors, lifting holes, RFID installation positions, etc. There may be embossed or welded dots/strips on the panel to increase the friction of the goods.

Carrying knowledge
1. Static and dynamic load-bearing
(1) Static load: refers to the maximum weight that the bottom pallet can withstand when stacked in multiple layers in a static and horizontal state after loading goods onto the pallet. This is the core indicator for measuring its stacking ability.
(2) Dynamic load: refers to the maximum weight that a pallet can safely carry during mobile operations (such as being lifted and transported by a forklift). This value is much smaller than the static load, as the impact force during motion needs to be considered.
2. Uniform distribution and concentrated load-bearing
(1) Uniformly distributed load: The weight of the goods is evenly distributed on the entire pallet panel. This is the most ideal stress state, where the tray can exert its nominal maximum load-bearing capacity.
(2) Concentrated load: The weight of the goods is concentrated on a local area of the pallet (such as the legs of heavy equipment). At this point, the carrying capacity of the tray will significantly decrease, and special calculations or strengthening of the corresponding area structure are required.
3. Structural design determines load-bearing capacity
The bearing capacity is mainly determined by the cross-sectional dimensions (height, thickness), material strength, and welding/riveting process quality of the longitudinal and transverse beams. The load-bearing capacity of the "Chuan" and "Tian" structures is much higher than that of the "Nine legged" structure.
4. Safety factor and deformation
Regular production will have sufficient safety factors (usually 1.5-2 times or more). Small and uniform elastic deformation is allowed under rated load, but permanent plastic deformation or structural cracking should not occur.
5. Impact of usage scenarios
The carrying capacity is determined under standard testing conditions. In practical use, factors such as the flatness of the ground, the smoothness of forklift operation, the centering of cargo placement, and long-term outdoor corrosion can all affect its safe service life and effective load-bearing capacity.